Find the real cause of your problems by root cause analysis

“Every defect is a treasure, if the company can uncover its cause
 and work to prevent it across the corporation.”
– Kilchiro Toyoda, founder of Toyota
 
Problems become apparent by the symptoms we see. Problem Analysis, the first step in the RUP Requirements Management discipline, deals with identifying the root causes of those symptoms.
 
This SixSigma article describes an alternate approach and comes with an Excel template.